home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
eeeedddd((((1111)))) eeeedddd((((1111)))) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE _eeee_dddd, _rrrr_eeee_dddd - text editor SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS _eeee_dddd [_----_ssss] [_----_pppp _s_t_r_i_n_g] [_----_xxxx] [_----_CCCC] [_f_i_l_e] _rrrr_eeee_dddd [_----_ssss] [_----_pppp _s_t_r_i_n_g] [_----_xxxx] [_----_CCCC] [_f_i_l_e] DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN _eeee_dddd is the standard text editor. _rrrr_eeee_dddd is a restricted version of _eeee_dddd. If the _f_i_l_e argument is given, _eeee_dddd simulates an _eeee command (see below) on the named file; that is to say, the file is read into _eeee_dddd's buffer so that it can be edited. Both _eeee_dddd and _rrrr_eeee_dddd process supplementary code set characters in _f_i_l_e, and recognize supplementary code set characters in the prompt string given to the _----_pppp option (see below) according to the locale specified in the _LLLL_CCCC______CCCC_TTTT_YYYY_PPPP_EEEE environment variable (see _LLLL_AAAA_NNNN_GGGG in _eeee_nnnn_vvvv_iiii_rrrr_oooo_nnnn(5)). In regular expressions, pattern searches are performed on characters, not bytes, as described below. _----_ssss Suppresses the printing of byte counts by _eeee, _rrrr, and _wwww commands, of diagnostics from _eeee and _qqqq commands, and of the _!!!! prompt after a _!!!!_s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. _----_pppp Allows the user to specify a prompt string. The string can contain supplementary code set characters. _----_xxxx Encryption option; when used, _eeee_dddd simulates an _XXXX command and prompts the user for a key. This key is used to encrypt and decrypt text using the algorithm of _cccc_rrrr_yyyy_pppp_tttt(1). The _XXXX command makes an educated guess to determine whether text read in is encrypted or not. The temporary buffer file is encrypted also, using a transformed version of the key typed in for the _----_xxxx option. See _cccc_rrrr_yyyy_pppp_tttt(1). Also, see the NOTES section at the end of this reference page. _----_CCCC Encryption option; the same as the _----_xxxx option, except that _eeee_dddd simulates a _CCCC command. The _CCCC command is like the _XXXX command, except that all text read in is assumed to have been encrypted. _eeee_dddd operates on a copy of the file it is editing; changes made to the copy have no effect on the file until a _wwww (write) command is given. The copy of the text being edited resides in a temporary file called the _b_u_f_f_e_r. There is only one buffer. _rrrr_eeee_dddd is a restricted version of _eeee_dddd. It allows only editing of files in the current directory. It prohibits executing shell commands via _!!!!_s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Attempts to bypass these restrictions result in an error message (restricted shell). Both _eeee_dddd and _rrrr_eeee_dddd support the _ffff_ssss_pppp_eeee_cccc(4) formatting capability. After including a format specification as the first line of _f_i_l_e and invoking _eeee_dddd with your terminal in _ssss_tttt_tttt_yyyy _----_tttt_aaaa_bbbb_ssss or _ssss_tttt_tttt_yyyy _tttt_aaaa_bbbb_3333 mode (see _ssss_tttt_tttt_yyyy(1)), the specified tab stops are automatically used when scanning _f_i_l_e. For example, if the first line of a file contained: PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111 eeeedddd((((1111)))) eeeedddd((((1111)))) _<<<<_::::_tttt_5555_,,,,_1111_0000_,,,,_1111_5555 _ssss_7777_2222_::::_>>>> tab stops are set at columns 5, 10, and 15, and a maximum line length of 72 is imposed. When you are entering text into the file, this format is not in effect; instead, because of being in _ssss_tttt_tttt_yyyy _----_tttt_aaaa_bbbb_ssss or _ssss_tttt_tttt_yyyy _tttt_aaaa_bbbb_3333 mode, tabs are expanded to every eighth column. Commands to _eeee_dddd have a simple and regular structure: zero, one, or two _a_d_d_r_e_s_s_e_s followed by a single-character _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, possibly followed by parameters to that command. These addresses specify one or more lines in the buffer. Every command that requires addresses has default addresses, so that the addresses can very often be omitted. In general, only one command can appear on a line. Certain commands allow the input of text. This text is placed in the appropriate place in the buffer. While _eeee_dddd is accepting text, it is said to be in _i_n_p_u_t _m_o_d_e. In this mode, no commands are recognized; all input is merely collected. Leave input mode by typing a period (_....) at the beginning of a line, followed immediately by pressing RETURN. _eeee_dddd supports a limited form of _r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n notation; regular expressions are used in addresses to specify lines and in some commands (for example, _ssss) to specify portions of a line that are to be substituted. A regular expression specifies a set of character strings. A member of this set of strings is said to be matched by the regular expression. The regular expressions allowed by _eeee_dddd are constructed as follows: The following one-character regular expressions match a single character: 1.1 An ordinary character (not one of those discussed in 1.2 below) is a one-character regular expression that matches itself. 1.2 A backslash (_\\\\) followed by any special character is a one- character regular expression that matches the special character itself. The special characters are: a. _...., _****, _[[[[, and _\\\\ (period, asterisk, left square bracket, and backslash, respectively), which are always special, except when they appear within square brackets (_[[[[_]]]]; see 1.4 below). b. _^^^^ (caret or circumflex), which is special at the beginning of a regular expression (see 4.1 and 4.3 below), or when it immediately follows the left of a pair of square brackets (_[[[[_]]]]) (see 1.4 below). c. _$$$$ (dollar sign), which is special at the _eeee_nnnn_dddd of a regular expression (see 4.2 below). d. The character that is special for that specific regular expression, that is used to bound (or delimit) a regular expression. (For example, see how slash (_////) is used in the _gggg PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222 eeeedddd((((1111)))) eeeedddd((((1111)))) command, below.) 1.3 A period (_....) is a one-character regular expression that matches any character, including supplementary code set characters, except newline. 1.4 A non-empty string of characters enclosed in square brackets (_[[[[_]]]]) is a one-character regular expression that matches one character, including supplementary code set characters, in that string. If, however, the first character of the string is a circumflex (_^^^^), the one-character regular expression matches any character, including supplementary code set characters, except newline and the remaining characters in the string. The _^^^^ has this special meaning only if it occurs first in the string. The minus (_----) can be used to indicate a range of consecutive characters, including supplementary code set characters; for example, _[[[[_0000_----_9999_]]]] is equivalent to _[[[[_0000_1111_2222_3333_4444_5555_6666_7777_8888_9999_]]]]. Characters specifying the range must be from the same code set; when the characters are from different code sets, one of the characters specifying the range is matched. The _---- loses this special meaning if it occurs first (after an initial _^^^^, if any) or last in the string. The right square bracket (_]]]]) does not terminate such a string when it is the first character within it (after an initial _^^^^, if any); for example, _[[[[_]]]]_aaaa_----_ffff_]]]] matches either a right square bracket (_]]]]) or one of the ASCII letters _aaaa through _ffff inclusive. The four characters listed in 1.2.a above stand for themselves within such a string of characters. The following rules can be used to construct regular expressions from one-character regular expressions: 2.1 A one-character regular expression is an regular expression that matches whatever the one-character regular expression matches. 2.2 A one-character regular expression followed by an asterisk (_****) is a regular expression that matches zero or more occurrences of the one-character regular expression, which can be a supplementary code set character. If there is any choice, the longest leftmost string that permits a match is chosen. 2.3 A one-character regular expression followed by _\\\\_{{{{_m_\\\\_}}}}, _\\\\_{{{{_m,_\\\\_}}}}, or _\\\\_{{{{_m,_n_\\\\_}}}} is a regular expression that matches a range of occurrences of the one-character regular expression. The values of _m and _n must be non-negative integers less than 256; _\\\\_{{{{_m_\\\\_}}}} matches exactly _m occurrences; _\\\\_{{{{_m,_\\\\_}}}} matches at least _m occurrences; _\\\\_{{{{_m,_n_\\\\_}}}} matches any number of occurrences between _m and _n inclusive. Whenever a choice exists, the regular expression matches as many occurrences as possible. 2.4 The concatenation of regular expressions is an regular expression that matches the concatenation of the strings matched by each component of the regular expression. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333 eeeedddd((((1111)))) eeeedddd((((1111)))) 2.5 A regular expression enclosed between the character sequences _\\\\_(((( and _\\\\_)))) defines a sub-expression that matches whatever the unadorned regular expression matches. Inside a sub-expression the anchor characters ((_^^^^) and (_$$$$)) have no special meaning and match their respective literal characters. 2.6 The expression _\\\\_n matches the same string of characters as was matched by an expression enclosed between _\\\\_(((( and _\\\\_)))) earlier in the same regular expression. Here _n is a digit; the sub-expression specified is that beginning with the _n-th occurrence of _\\\\_(((( counting from the left. For example, the expression ^_\\\\_((((_...._****_\\\\_))))_\\\\_1111_$$$$ matches a line consisting of two repeated appearances of the same string. A regular expression can be constrained to match words. 3.1 _\\\\_<<<< constrains a regular expression to match the beginning of a string or to follow a character that is not a digit, underscore, or letter. The first character matching the regular expression must be a digit, underscore, or letter. 3.2 _\\\\_>>>> constrains a regular expression to match the end of a string or to precede a character that is not a digit, underscore, or letter. A regular expression can be constrained to match only an initial segment or final segment of a line (or both). 4.1 A circumflex (_^^^^) at the beginning of a regular expression constrains that regular expression to match an initial segment of a line. 4.2 A dollar sign (_$$$$) at the end of an entire regular expression constrains that regular expression to match a final segment of a line. 4.3 The construction _^^^^_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_$$$$ constrains the regular expression to match the entire line. The null regular expression (for example, _////_////) is equivalent to the last regular expression encountered. See also the last paragraph of the DESCRIPTION section below. To understand addressing in _eeee_dddd it is necessary to know that at any time there is a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _l_i_n_e. Generally speaking, the current line is the last line affected by a command; the exact effect on the current line is discussed under the description of each command. _a_d_d_r_e_s_s_e_s are constructed as follows: 1. The character _.... addresses the current line. 2. The character _$$$$ addresses the last line of the buffer. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444 eeeedddd((((1111)))) eeeedddd((((1111)))) 3. A decimal number _n addresses the _n-th line of the buffer. 4. '_x addresses the line marked with the mark name character _x, which must be a lower-case letter (_aaaa-_zzzz). Lines are marked with the _kkkk command described below. 5. A regular expression enclosed by slashes (_////) addresses the first line found by searching forward from the line following the current line toward the end of the buffer and stopping at the first line containing a string matching the regular expression. If necessary, the search wraps around to the beginning of the buffer and continues up to and including the current line, so that the entire buffer is searched. See also the last paragraph of the DESCRIPTION section below. 6. A regular expression enclosed in question marks (_????) addresses the first line found by searching backward from the line preceding the current line toward the beginning of the buffer and stopping at the first line containing a string matching the regular expression. If necessary, the search wraps around to the end of the buffer and continues up to and including the current line. See also the last paragraph of the DESCRIPTION section below. 7. An address followed by a plus sign (_++++) or a minus sign (_----) followed by a decimal number specifies that address plus (respectively minus) the indicated number of lines. A shorthand for _...._++++_5555 is _...._5555. 8. If an address begins with _++++ or _----, the addition or subtraction is taken with respect to the current line; for example, _----_5555 is understood to mean _...._----_5555. 9. If an address ends with _++++ or _----, 1 is added to or subtracted from the address, respectively. As a consequence of this rule and of Rule 8, immediately above, the address _---- refers to the line preceding the current line. (To maintain compatibility with earlier versions of the editor, the character _^^^^ in addresses is entirely equivalent to _----.) Moreover, trailing _++++ and _---- characters have a cumulative effect, so _----_---- refers to the current line less 2. 10. For convenience, a comma (_,,,,) stands for the address pair _1111_,,,,_$$$$, while a semicolon (_;;;;) stands for the pair _...._,,,,_$$$$. Commands may require zero, one, or two addresses. Commands that require no addresses regard the presence of an address as an error. Commands that accept one or two addresses assume default addresses when an insufficient number of addresses is given; if more addresses are given than such a command requires, the last one(s) are used. Typically, addresses are separated from each other by a comma (_,,,,). They can also be separated by a semicolon (_;;;;). In the latter case, the first address is calculated, the current line (.) is set to that value, and then the second address is calculated. This feature can be used to PPPPaaaaggggeeee 5555 eeeedddd((((1111)))) eeeedddd((((1111)))) determine the starting line for forward and backward searches (see Rules 5 and 6, above). The second address of any two-address sequence must correspond to a line in the buffer that follows the line corresponding to the first address. In the following list of _eeee_dddd commands, the parentheses shown prior to the command are not part of the address; rather they show the default address(es) for the command. It is generally illegal for more than one command to appear on a line. However, any command (except _eeee, _ffff, _rrrr, or _wwww) can be suffixed by _llll, _nnnn, or _pppp in which case the current line is either listed, numbered or printed, respectively, as discussed below under the _llll, _nnnn, and _pppp commands. _((((_...._))))_aaaa _t_e_x_t _.... The _aaaappend command accepts zero or more lines of text and appends it after the addressed line in the buffer. The current line (_....) is left at the last inserted line, or, if there were none, at the addressed line. Address 0 is legal for this command: it causes the ``appended'' text to be placed at the beginning of the buffer. The maximum number of bytes that can be entered from a terminal is 256 per line (including the newline character). _((((_...._))))_cccc _t_e_x_t _.... The _cccchange command deletes the addressed lines from the buffer, then accepts zero or more lines of text that replaces these lines in the buffer. The current line (_....) is left at the last line input, or, if there were none, at the first line that was not deleted. _CCCC Same as the _XXXX command, described later, except that _eeee_dddd assumes all text read in for the _eeee and _rrrr commands is encrypted unless a null key is typed in. _((((_...._,,,,_...._))))_dddd The _ddddelete command deletes the addressed lines from the buffer. The line after the last line deleted becomes the current line; if the lines deleted were originally at the end of the buffer, the new last line becomes the current line. _eeee _f_i_l_e The _eeeedit command deletes the entire contents of the buffer and then reads the contents of _f_i_l_e into the buffer. The current line (_....) is set to the last line of the buffer. If _f_i_l_e is not given, the currently remembered filename, if any, is used (see the _ffff command). The number of characters read in is printed; _f_i_l_e is remembered for possible use as a default filename in subsequent _eeee, _rrrr, and _wwww commands. If _f_i_l_e is replaced by _!!!!, the rest of the line is taken PPPPaaaaggggeeee 6666 eeeedddd((((1111)))) eeeedddd((((1111)))) to be a shell (_ssss_hhhh(1)) command whose output is to be read in. Such a shell command is not remembered as the current filename. See also DIAGNOSTICS below. If _f_i_l_e is replaced by _%%%%, and if additional _f_i_l_e arguments were specified on the command line, the next filename specified on the command line is used. _EEEE _f_i_l_e The _EEEEdit command is like _eeee, except that the editor does not check to see if any changes have been made to the buffer since the last _wwww command. _ffff _f_i_l_e If _f_i_l_e is given, the _ffffile-name command changes the currently remembered filename to _f_i_l_e; otherwise, it prints the currently remembered filename. _((((_1111_,,,,_$$$$_))))_gggg_////_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_////_c_o_m_m_a_n_d _l_i_s_t In the _gggglobal command, the first step is to mark every line that matches the given regular expression. Then, for every such line, the given _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _l_i_s_t is executed with the current line (_....) initially set to that line. A single command or the first of a list of commands appears on the same line as the global command. All lines of a multi-line list except the last line must be ended with a _\\\\; _aaaa, _iiii, and _cccc commands and associated input are permitted. The _.... terminating input mode can be omitted if it would be the last line of the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _l_i_s_t. An empty _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _l_i_s_t is equivalent to the _pppp command. The _gggg, _GGGG, _vvvv, and _VVVV commands are not permitted in the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _l_i_s_t. See also the NOTES section and the last paragraph of the DESCRIPTION section below. _((((_1111_,,,,_$$$$_))))_GGGG_////_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_//// In the interactive _GGGGlobal command, the first step is to mark every line that matches the given regular expression. Then, for every such line, that line is printed, the current line (_....) is changed to that line, and any one command (other than one of the _aaaa, _cccc, _iiii, _gggg, _GGGG, _vvvv, and _VVVV commands) can be input and is executed. After the execution of that command, the next marked line is printed, and so on; a newline acts as a null command; an _&&&& causes the re-execution of the most recent command executed within the current invocation of _GGGG. Note that the commands input as part of the execution of the _GGGG command can address and affect any lines in the buffer. The _GGGG command can be terminated by an interrupt signal (ASCII DEL or BREAK). _hhhh The _hhhhelp command gives a short error message that explains the reason for the most recent _???? diagnostic. _HHHH The _HHHHelp command causes _eeee_dddd to enter a mode in which error messages are printed for all subsequent _???? diagnostics. It also explains the previous _???? if there was one. The _HHHH command alternately turns this PPPPaaaaggggeeee 7777 eeeedddd((((1111)))) eeeedddd((((1111)))) mode on and off; it is initially off. _((((_...._))))_iiii _t_e_x_t _.... The _iiiinsert command accepts zero or more lines of text and inserts it before the addressed line in the buffer. The current line (_....) is left at the last inserted line, or, if there were none, at the addressed line. This command differs from the _aaaa command only in the placement of the input text. Address 0 is not legal for this command. The maximum number of characters that can be entered from a terminal is 256 per line (including the newline character). _((((_...._,,,,_...._++++_1111_))))_jjjj The _jjjjoin command joins contiguous lines by removing the appropriate newline characters. If exactly one address is given, this command does nothing. _((((_...._))))_kkkk_x The mar_kkkk command marks the addressed line with name _x, which must be a lower-case letter (_aaaa-_zzzz). The address '_x then addresses this line; the current line (_....) is unchanged. _((((_...._,,,,_...._))))_llll The _llllist command prints the addressed lines in an unambiguous way: a few non-printing characters (for example, tab, backspace) are represented by visually mnemonic overstrikes. All other non- printing characters are printed in octal, and long lines are folded. An _llll command can be appended to any command other than _eeee, _ffff, _rrrr, or _wwww. _((((_...._,,,,_...._))))_mmmm_a The _mmmmove command repositions the addressed line(s) after the line addressed by _a. Address _0000 is legal for _a and causes the addressed line(s) to be moved to the beginning of the file. It is an error if address _a falls within the range of moved lines; the current line (_....) is left at the last line moved. _((((_...._,,,,_...._))))_nnnn The _nnnnumber command prints the addressed lines, preceding each line by its line number and a tab character; the current line (_....) is left at the last line printed. The _nnnn command can be appended to any command other than _eeee, _ffff, _rrrr, or _wwww. _((((_...._,,,,_...._))))_pppp The _pppprint command prints the addressed lines; the current line (_....) is left at the last line printed. The _pppp command can be appended to any command other than _eeee, _ffff, _rrrr, or _wwww. For example, _dddd_pppp deletes the current line and prints the new current line. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 8888 eeeedddd((((1111)))) eeeedddd((((1111)))) _PPPP The editor prompts with a _**** for all subsequent commands. The _PPPP command alternately turns this mode on and off; it is initially off. _qqqq The _qqqquit command causes _eeee_dddd to exit. No automatic write of a file is done; however, see DIAGNOSTICS below. _QQQQ The editor exits without checking if changes have been made in the buffer since the last _wwww command. _((((_$$$$_))))_rrrr _f_i_l_e The _rrrread command reads the contents of _f_i_l_e into the buffer. If _f_i_l_e is not given, the currently remembered filename, if any, is used (see the _eeee and _ffff commands). The currently remembered filename is not changed unless _f_i_l_e is the very first filename mentioned since _eeee_dddd was invoked. Address 0 is legal for _rrrr and causes the file to be read in at the beginning of the buffer. If the read is successful, the number of characters read in is printed; the current line (_....) is set to the last line read in. If _f_i_l_e is replaced by _!!!!, the rest of the line is taken to be a shell (see _ssss_hhhh(1)) command whose output is to be read in. For example, _$$$$_rrrr _!!!!_llll_ssss appends current directory to the end of the file being edited. Such a shell command is not remembered as the current filename. _((((_...._,,,,_...._))))_ssss_////_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_////_r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t_//// or _((((_...._,,,,_...._))))_ssss_////_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_////_r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t_////_gggg or _((((_...._,,,,_...._))))_ssss_////_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_////_r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t_////_n _n = 1-512 The _ssssubstitute command searches each addressed line for an occurrence of the specified regular expression. In each line in which a match is found, all (non-overlapped) matched strings are replaced by the _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t if the global replacement indicator _gggg appears after the command. If the global indicator does not appear, only the first occurrence of the matched string is replaced. If a number _n, appears after the command, only the _n-th occurrence of the matched string on each addressed line is replaced. It is an error if the substitution fails on all addressed lines. Any character other than space or newline can be used instead of _//// to delimit the regular expression and the _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t; the current line (_....) is left at the last line on which a substitution occurred. See also the last paragraph of the DESCRIPTION section below. An ampersand (_&&&&) appearing in the _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t is replaced by the string matching the regular expression on the current line. The special meaning of _&&&& in this context can be suppressed by preceding it by _\\\\. As a more general feature, the characters _\\\\_n, where _n is a digit, are replaced by the text matched by the _n-th regular subexpression of the specified regular expression enclosed between _\\\\_(((( and _\\\\_)))). When nested parenthesized subexpressions are present, _n is determined by counting occurrences of _\\\\_(((( starting from the left. When the character _%%%% is the only character in the _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t, the PPPPaaaaggggeeee 9999 eeeedddd((((1111)))) eeeedddd((((1111)))) _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t used in the most recent substitute command is used as the _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t in the current substitute command. The _%%%% loses its special meaning when it is in a replacement string of more than one character or is preceded by a _\\\\. A line can be split by substituting a newline character into it. The newline in the _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t must be escaped by preceding it by _\\\\. Such substitution cannot be done as part of a _gggg or _vvvv command list. _((((_...._,,,,_...._))))_tttt_a This command acts just like the _mmmm command, except that a copy of the addressed lines is placed after address _aaaa (which can be 0); the current line (_....) is left at the last line copied. _uuuu The _uuuundo command nullifies the effect of the most recent command that modified anything in the buffer, namely the most recent _aaaa, _cccc, _dddd, _gggg, _iiii, _jjjj, _mmmm, _rrrr, _ssss, _tttt, _vvvv, _GGGG, or _VVVV command. _((((_1111_,,,,_$$$$_))))_vvvv_////_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_////_c_o_m_m_a_n_d _l_i_s_t This command is the same as the global command _gggg, except that the lines marked during the first step are those that do not match the regular expression. _((((_1111_,,,,_$$$$_))))_VVVV_////_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_//// This command is the same as the interactive global command _GGGG, except that the lines that are marked during the first step are those that do not match the regular expression. _((((_1111_,,,,_$$$$_))))_wwww _f_i_l_e The _wwwwrite command writes the addressed lines into _f_i_l_e. If _f_i_l_e does not exist, it is created with mode _6666_6666_6666 (readable and writable by everyone), unless your file creation mask dictates otherwise; see the description of the _uuuu_mmmm_aaaa_ssss_kkkk special command on _ssss_hhhh(1). The currently remembered filename is not changed unless _f_i_l_e is the very first filename mentioned since _eeee_dddd was invoked. If no filename is given, the currently remembered filename, if any, is used (see the _eeee and _ffff commands); the current line (_....) is unchanged. If the command is successful, the number of characters written is printed. If _f_i_l_e is replaced by _!!!!, the rest of the line is taken to be a shell (see _ssss_hhhh(1)) command whose standard input is the addressed lines. Such a shell command is not remembered as the current filename. _((((_1111_,,,,_$$$$_))))_WWWW _f_i_l_e This command is the same as the _wwwwrite command above, except that it appends the addressed lines to the end of _f_i_l_e if it exists. If _f_i_l_e does not exist, it is created as described above for the _wwww command. _XXXX A key is prompted for, and it is used in subsequent _eeee, _rrrr, and _wwww commands to decrypt and encrypt text using the _cccc_rrrr_yyyy_pppp_tttt(1) algorithm. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 11110000 eeeedddd((((1111)))) eeeedddd((((1111)))) An educated guess is made to determine whether text read in for the _eeee and _rrrr commands is encrypted. A null key turns off encryption. Subsequent _eeee, _rrrr, and _wwww commands use this key to encrypt or decrypt the text (see _cccc_rrrr_yyyy_pppp_tttt(1)). An explicitly empty key turns off encryption. Also, see the _----_xxxx option of _eeee_dddd. _((((_$$$$_))))_==== The line number of the addressed line is typed; the current line (_....) is unchanged by this command. _!!!!_s_h_e_l_l _c_o_m_m_a_n_d The remainder of the line after the _!!!! is sent to the UNIX system shell (see _ssss_hhhh(1)) to be interpreted as a command. Within the text of that command, the unescaped character _%%%% is replaced with the remembered filename; if a _!!!! appears as the first character of the shell command, it is replaced with the text of the previous shell command. Thus, _!!!!_!!!! repeats the last shell command. If any expansion is performed, the expanded line is echoed; the current line (_....) is unchanged. _((((_...._++++_1111_))))<newline> An address alone on a line causes the addressed line to be printed. A newline alone is equivalent to _...._++++_1111_pppp; it is useful for stepping forward through the buffer. If an interrupt signal (ASCII DEL or BREAK) is sent, _eeee_dddd prints a _???? and returns to its command level. Some size limitations: 512 bytes in a line, 256 bytes in a global command list, and 1024 bytes in the pathname of a file (counting slashes). The limit on the number of lines depends on the amount of user memory: each line takes 1 word. When reading a file, _eeee_dddd discards ASCII NUL characters. If a file is not terminated by a newline character, _eeee_dddd adds one and puts out a message explaining what it did. If the closing delimiter of a regular expression or of a replacement string (for example, _////) would be the last character before a newline, that delimiter can be omitted, in which case the addressed line is printed. The following pairs of commands are equivalent: _ssss_////_ssss_1111_////_ssss_2222 _ssss_////_ssss_1111_////_ssss_2222_////_pppp _gggg_////_ssss_1111 _gggg_////_ssss_1111_////_pppp _????_ssss_1111 _????_ssss_1111_???? FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS _$$$$_TTTT_MMMM_PPPP_DDDD_IIII_RRRR if this environmental variable is not null, its value is used in place of _////_vvvv_aaaa_rrrr_////_tttt_mmmm_pppp as the directory name for the temporary work file PPPPaaaaggggeeee 11111111 eeeedddd((((1111)))) eeeedddd((((1111)))) _////_vvvv_aaaa_rrrr_////_tttt_mmmm_pppp if _////_vvvv_aaaa_rrrr_////_tttt_mmmm_pppp exists, it is used as the directory name for the temporary work file _////_tttt_mmmm_pppp if the environmental variable _TTTT_MMMM_PPPP_DDDD_IIII_RRRR does not exist or is null, and if _////_vvvv_aaaa_rrrr_////_tttt_mmmm_pppp does not exist, _////_tttt_mmmm_pppp is used as the directory name for the temporary work file _eeee_dddd_...._hhhh_uuuu_pppp work is saved here if the terminal is hung up _////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr_////_llll_iiii_bbbb_////_llll_oooo_cccc_aaaa_llll_eeee_////_l_o_c_a_l_e_////_LLLL_CCCC______MMMM_EEEE_SSSS_SSSS_AAAA_GGGG_EEEE_SSSS_////_uuuu_xxxx_cccc_oooo_rrrr_eeee_...._aaaa_bbbb_iiii language-specific message file (see _LLLL_AAAA_NNNN_GGGG in _eeee_nnnn_vvvv_iiii_rrrr_oooo_nnnn (5)) SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO edit(1), ex(1), grep(1), sed(1), sh(1), stty(1), umask(1), vi(1), fspec(4), regexp(5). DDDDIIIIAAAAGGGGNNNNOOOOSSSSTTTTIIIICCCCSSSS _???? Command errors. Type the _hhhh command for a short error message. _????_f_i_l_e An inaccessible file. (Use the _hhhhelp and _HHHHelp commands for detailed explanations.) If changes have been made in the buffer since the last _wwww command that wrote the entire buffer, _eeee_dddd warns the user if an attempt is made to destroy _eeee_dddd's buffer via the _eeee or _qqqq commands. It prints _???? and allows one to continue editing. A second _eeee or _qqqq command at this point takes effect. The _----_ssss command-line option inhibits this feature. NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS The _---- option, although it continues to be supported, has been replaced in the documentation by the _----_ssss option that follows the Command Syntax Standard (see _iiii_nnnn_tttt_rrrr_oooo(1)). A _!!!! command cannot be subject to a _gggg or a _vvvv command. The _!!!! command and the _!!!! escape from the _eeee, _rrrr, and _wwww commands cannot be used if the editor is invoked from a restricted shell (see _ssss_hhhh(1)). The sequence _\\\\_nnnn in a regular expression does not match a newline character. If the editor input is coming from a command file (for example, _eeee_dddd _f_i_l_e _<<<< _e_d__c_m_d__f_i_l_e ), the editor exits at the first failure. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 11112222 
